VALVE REPLACEMENT
  Heart valves that can be replaced are the aortic, in the aorta, or the mitral, between the left atrium and left ventricle. Once the heart has been exposed, surgeons will cut into the different chambers to reach the area of the valve.

The faulty valve is then dissected out and replaced, either with a metal valve or a bio-prosthesis - a valve taken from a pig's heart, or a bovine pericardial valve, which has been made by hand using material from around a cow's heart. The new valve is stitched in place and the heart is stitched closed.
 
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